FIGURES of REPETITION
ANAPHORA
repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences (for emphasis)
X------ X------ X-------
EPISTROPHE
repetition of the same word or words at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences
------X ------ -X --------X
SYMPLOCE
Repetition of words at beginning AND end of phrases, clauses, or sentences
X------Y X--------Y X-------Y
ANADIPLOSIS
Repetition of last word or words of sentence or clause at the beginning of the next sentence or clause;
A ‘doubling back’
(effect: attention, reinforcement)
----------X X-----------
CONDUPLICATION
Repetition of KEY word from clause or sentence at or near the beginning of the next
-------KEY---------- Key----------
EPANALEPSIS
Repetition of beginning word or words of clause or sentence at the end of that clause or sentence
X------------X
DIACOPE
Repetition of word or phrase after intervening word or phrase
X----WORD ----X
EPIZUEXIS
Multiple repetition of a key word
---------------X, X, X
SCESIS ONOMATON
Repetion of a key idea by synonomous phrasing
ANTIMETABOLE
repetition of words or phrases in reverse order to draw attention to the final form, present alternatives, or show contrast
ALLITERATION
the occurrence of the same sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.
ASSONANCE
the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible
CONSONANCE
the recurrence of similar sounds, especially consonants, in close proximity
FIGURES OF PATHOS
ADHORTATIO
A commandment, promise, or exhortation intended to move one's consent or desires
ADYNATON
The expression of the inability of expression
APOSIOPESIS
Breaking off suddenly in the middle of speaking, usually to portray being overcome by emotion
ENARGIA
Vivid description, especially depicting things graphic in nature
FIGURES of COMPARISON
METAPHOR
an implied comparison between two things of unlike nature that yet have something in common; a comparison of two things without using the words "like" or "as".
SIMILE
an explicit comparison between two things of unlike nature that yet have something in common; a comparison of two things using "like" or "as".
ALLUSION
Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.
Rhetorical Questions
Rhetorical question ~ any question asked for a purpose other than to elicit the information for which the question asks, enabling the speaker to control the discussion and shape the argument
Epiplexis ~ a term for asking questions to rebuke, reproach, chide or express grief rather than to elicit answers
Hypophora ~ rhetorical question in which a speaker will raise a question and then immediately answer it
Erotesis ~ rhetorical question which implies strong confirmation or denial
aporia ~ Deliberating with oneself as though in doubt over some matter; asking oneself (or rhetorically asking one's hearers) what is the best or appropriate way to approach something.
anthypophora ~ A figure of reasoning in which one asks and then immediately answers one's own questions. Reasoning aloud. Anthypophora sometimes takes the form of asking the audience or one's adversary what can be said on a matter.
ARGUMENT TACTICS
Apophasis ~ mentioning what you claim not to mention
Paramologia ~ admitting a weak point to make a stronger argument
Procatalepsis ~refuting anticipated objections
Antirrhesis ~ rejection of arguments as insignificant /erroneous / evil
Epiplexis ~ a term for asking questions to rebuke, reproach, chide or express grief rather than to elicit answers
Hypophora ~ rhetorical question in which a speaker will raise a question and then immediately answer it
Erotesis ~ rhetorical question which implies strong confirmation or denial
aporia ~ Deliberating with oneself as though in doubt over some matter; asking oneself (or rhetorically asking one's hearers) what is the best or appropriate way to approach something.
anthypophora ~ A figure of reasoning in which one asks and then immediately answers one's own questions. Reasoning aloud. Anthypophora sometimes takes the form of asking the audience or one's adversary what can be said on a matter.
ARGUMENT TACTICS
Apophasis ~ mentioning what you claim not to mention
Paramologia ~ admitting a weak point to make a stronger argument
Procatalepsis ~refuting anticipated objections
Antirrhesis ~ rejection of arguments as insignificant /erroneous / evil